K\u00fcresel haramilerin, korsanlar\u0131n, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n ve soyguncular\u0131n elinde bir oyunca\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen d\u00fcnya, ger\u00e7ek kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. \u015eiddet, kaos ve g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin sar\u0131p sarmalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cd\u00fczensiz yeni d\u00fcnya\u201d SOS veriyor.<\/p>\n
So\u011fuk Sava\u015f\u2019\u0131n sona ermesiyle \u201ck\u00fcreselle\u015ftirilen sava\u015f ya da ter\u00f6r\u201d bize d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u201cyeni bir milletleraras\u0131 hukuk\u201da ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu apa\u00e7\u0131k ortaya koydu. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel, etnik, dini ve kabilevi yap\u0131lar\u0131n yeniden g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ise bize yeni bir hukukun gereklili\u011fini g\u00f6sterdi. Devletleraras\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin artan karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da hukuk sorununa daha fazla \u00f6nem y\u00fckledi.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer d\u00fcnya bu konuda bir ad\u0131m atmaz ise, ekonomik krizin ve toplumsal dengesizliklerin t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyay\u0131 a\u011f\u0131r \u015fekilde sarsmas\u0131yla \u015fiddet daha artacak ve ard\u0131ndan tsunamileri tetikleyecektir.<\/p>\n
ABD\u2019nin y\u0131llard\u0131r yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015flarda, katliamlarda ve kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasak silahlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir \u015fey yapamayan Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi, Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 ve Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler (BM) G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi\u2019nin art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u00f6nemi kalmad\u0131. 1989\u2019da iki kutuplu d\u00fcnyan\u0131n sonu ile birlikte milletleraras\u0131 hukuk yenilenmeliydi. Ancak ABD\u2019nin manip\u00fclesi ile bu ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi.<\/p>\n
\u0130srail\u2019in de \u00fc\u00e7 as\u0131rd\u0131r Filistinlilere kar\u015f\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 soyk\u0131r\u0131m, s\u00fcrg\u00fcn, yasak silahlar ve i\u015fkence, uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar taraf\u0131ndan k\u0131nanmaktan \u00f6teye ge\u00e7medi. L\u00e2kin sorun M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclkeler olunca t\u00fcm uluslararas\u0131 kurumlar harekete ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in her nedense acele etmeyi \u00e7ok seviyor. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen sadece y\u00fczde 30\u2019u H\u0131ristiyan olan \u201cDo\u011fu Timor\u201dun Endonezya\u2019dan ayr\u0131l\u0131p ayr\u0131 bir ada devleti olmas\u0131na karar veren BM, y\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n devam etti\u011fi Filistin, Ke\u015fmir, Moro ve di\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcman b\u00f6lgeler hakk\u0131nda kendi verdi\u011fi kararlar\u0131 dahi uygulamakta aciz kald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Asl\u0131nda BM 1945 y\u0131l\u0131nda kuruldu\u011fu g\u00fcnden beri, ne \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7ebildi ne de hakiki manada bir fonksiyon icra edebildi. Merkezi ABD\u2019de bulunan ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda Amerika taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131 BM\u2019nin Irak, Afganistan, Somali ve Filistin\u2019deki sava\u015flara ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman katliam\u0131na ses \u00e7\u0131karmas\u0131 zaten beklenemezdi. Sadece bunlar de\u011fil, Latin Amerika\u2019daki katliamlar, darbeler, suikastlar ve bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Afrika\u2019da Fransa ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere b\u00fcy\u00fck(!) g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u015fledi\u011fi katliamlar hep g\u00f6rmezlikten gelindi.<\/p>\n
ABD ve \u0130srail gibi \u00fclkelerin uluslararas\u0131 hukuku tan\u0131mamas\u0131 di\u011fer ulus-devletleri de hukuk tan\u0131maz hale getirdi. B\u00f6ylece devletler uluslararas\u0131 hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcne \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f oldu. Keza \u201cantla\u015fmalar\u201d ve \u201cs\u00f6zle\u015fmeler\u201d de \u00f6nemini yitirdi.<\/p>\n
Bu bilinen vak\u0131an\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ciddi manada \u201cmilletleraras\u0131 hukuk\u201da ihtiyac\u0131 oldu\u011funu g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. \u201cUlus\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n 19. ve 20. y\u00fczy\u0131lda d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131n zihinlerinde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6t\u00fc imajdan dolay\u0131 \u201cmillet\u201d kavram\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan yanay\u0131m.<\/p>\n
Peki, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yeni bir milletleraras\u0131 hukukun olu\u015fumuna haz\u0131r m\u0131?<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyadaki geli\u015fmeleri sath\u00ee bir bi\u00e7imde okursak haz\u0131r de\u011fil gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir ancak ciddi bir bo\u015fluk oldu\u011fu ortada ve bu bo\u015fluk doldurulmaz ise d\u00fcnya b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131ma s\u00fcr\u00fcklenecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zellikle, son birka\u00e7 as\u0131rd\u0131r d\u00fcnyada ya\u015fanan hukuksuzlu\u011fun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurban\u0131 olan M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar \u201cYeni Milletleraras\u0131 Hukuk\u201dun \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc yapabilirler. Baz\u0131lar\u0131na g\u00f6re, bu basit bir iddia gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir fakat daha a\u00e7\u0131k s\u00f6ylemem gerekirse, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan ba\u015fka \u201cyeni bir milletleraras\u0131 hukuku\u201d hi\u00e7 kimse in\u015fa edemeyecektir.<\/p>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cmilletleraras\u0131 hukuku\u201d d\u00fcnyaya ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar kazand\u0131rd\u0131 ve bug\u00fcn de ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapmaya daha lay\u0131kt\u0131rlar. Yeter ki sahip olduklar\u0131 zenginliklerin ve etkinin fark\u0131nda olsunlar.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan \u201cmilletleraras\u0131 hukuk\u201d alan\u0131nda ilk verilen eser \u0130mam Ebu Hanife\u2019nin \u0130mameyn ad\u0131yla me\u015fhur iki \u00f6\u011frencisinden biri olan \u0130mam Muhammed\u2019in \u201cSiyer-i Kebir\u201d isimli eseridir. Bu eser, devletleraras\u0131 hukuk sahas\u0131nda yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ilk eser olmas\u0131 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan Frans\u0131zcaya terc\u00fcme edildi. Terc\u00fcmeyi de Hindistanl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr Muhammed Hamidullah yapt\u0131. Bu \u00f6nemli kitap, \u0130mam Serahsi\u2019nin \u015ferhiyle birlikte \u201c\u0130slam Devletler Hukuku\u201d ad\u0131yla T\u00fcrk\u00e7eye kazand\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f durumda.<\/p>\n
M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00e2limlerin bu konuda ciltler dolusu eseri bulunuyor. Bu alanda ilk eser kaleme alan Bat\u0131l\u0131 m\u00fcelliflerin de M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlardan etkilendikleri bug\u00fcn herkes taraf\u0131ndan kabul g\u00f6rmekte. Bat\u0131l\u0131 ilk hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n, \u0130sl\u00e2m d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinin End\u00fcl\u00fcs ve Sicilya \u00fczerinden Bat\u0131ya uzanan y\u0131llarda \u0131\u015f\u0131k tuttu\u011fu b\u00f6lgeler olan \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya\u2019dan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekicidir. \u00dcstelik Bat\u0131l\u0131 devletler hukukunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck kurucu hocas\u0131 olan Hollandal\u0131 Hugo Grotius\u2019un (1583-1645) bu alandaki birikim ve yeti\u015fmesini, \u0130stanbul\u2019da s\u00fcrg\u00fcn hayat\u0131 ya\u015farken inceledi\u011fi \u0130sl\u00e2m hukuk kaynaklar\u0131na bor\u00e7lu oldu\u011fu bilinmektedir. Daha sonra yeti\u015fen T. Aquinas, Sato ve Bifendrof gibi hukuk\u00e7ular da yine \u0130sl\u00e2m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcnden etkilenen hukuk\u00e7ulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hukuk\u00e7ular\u0131n kendisine s\u0131k s\u0131k at\u0131fta bulunduklar\u0131 19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00fcnl\u00fc yazar\u0131 Ernest Nys, devletler hukukunun k\u00f6klerini ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 eserinde, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n erken tarihlerden itibaren sava\u015f hukukunu ve onun insani boyutunu incelediklerini, \u0130spanyollar\u0131n da kendi sava\u015f hukuklar\u0131n\u0131 tespitte onlardan esinlediklerini s\u00f6yler.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan, Sri Lanka as\u0131ll\u0131 eski Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 ba\u015fkan\u0131 C. G. Weeramantry, \u201cIslamic Jurisprudence: An International Perspective\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda Bat\u0131l\u0131 yazarlar\u0131n M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n devletler hukuku alan\u0131ndaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndan etkilendi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ortaya koydu.<\/p>\n
H\u00e2s\u0131l\u0131kel\u00e2m, y\u00fczy\u0131llar boyunca bir avu\u00e7 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc devletin d\u00fcnyay\u0131 aralar\u0131nda payla\u015fma iste\u011fine cevap veren, bu payla\u015f\u0131ma hizmet eden bir kurallar dizisine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen uluslararas\u0131 hukuku, hakiki mecras\u0131na koymak, yeniden bu \u00fcmmetin evlatlar\u0131n\u0131n hakk\u0131 de\u011fil mi?<\/p>\n
E\u011fer M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bu mesuliyeti \u00fczerlerine alma g\u00f6revini \u00fcstlenmez iseler, daha \u00e7ok Afganistanlar, Iraklar, Somaliler, \u00c7e\u00e7enistanlar, Morolar ya da Ebu Gureybler, Guantanamolar ve Bagramlar g\u00f6rmeye devam edeceklerdir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"K\u00fcresel haramilerin, korsanlar\u0131n, h\u0131rs\u0131zlar\u0131n ve soyguncular\u0131n elinde bir oyunca\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclen d\u00fcnya, ger\u00e7ek kurtar\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ar\u0131yor. \u015eiddet, kaos ve g\u00fcvensizli\u011fin sar\u0131p sarmalad\u0131\u011f\u0131 […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":81,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-80","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hariciyye","category-yazilar"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":82,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/80\/revisions\/82"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=80"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=80"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}