Siyasi bir ke\u015fmeke\u015f ile ad\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde medyada s\u0131k s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz Tunus, Akdeniz’in g\u00fczel, sakin ve g\u00fcvenli \u00fclkelerinden biri. Tunus, 1574-1881 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin bir eyaletiydi. Entelekt\u00fcel ve siyasi m\u00fcnazaralar\u0131n en \u00e7ok yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 eyaletlerden olan Tunus, ‘Ahd\u00fc’l Eman’ ve ‘Kan\u00fbnu’d-Devle’ ile \u0130slam-Osmanl\u0131 co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n ilk modern anayasas\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rlayan \u00fclke olmu\u015ftur. 1881 y\u0131l\u0131nda Fransa taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edildi. 1956 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar da ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi verdi.<\/p>\n
Tunus’un ilk ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini veren Ali ve Muhammed Ba\u015fhamba karde\u015fler, \u015eeyh Salih \u015eerif, \u015eeyh \u0130smail Safaihi, \u015eeyh Muhammed H\u0131d\u0131r ve Muhammed Ali Hammi gibi isimlerin yolu hep \u0130stanbul’dan ge\u00e7ti. Osmanl\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi veren bu insanlar\u0131 yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakmad\u0131 ve destekledi. Ali Ba\u015fhamba ve \u015eeyh \u0130smail Safaihi \u0130stanbul’da hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. Modern Tunus’un kurucu lideri Habib bin Ali Burgiba hem Te\u015fkilat-\u0131 Mahsusa \u00fcyesi idi hem de Cumhuriyet T\u00fcrkiyesi’nden b\u00fcy\u00fck destek g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Tunus’un ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini \u015fiirleri ile besleyen Ebu’l Kas\u0131m e\u015f-\u015eabbi, 25 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumsa da k\u0131sa hayat hikayesi i\u00e7erisinde ortaya koydu\u011fu eserler ile Tunuslular\u0131n m\u00fchayyilesinde ebedi tesirler b\u0131rakt\u0131. 1909 y\u0131l\u0131nda do\u011fan e\u015f-\u015eabbi, 1934 y\u0131l\u0131nda hayata g\u00f6zlerini yumdu. B\u00fct\u00fcn \u015fiirlerinin topland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘E\u011fani’l Hayat’ adl\u0131 divan\u0131n her sat\u0131r\u0131 Tunuslular\u0131n sadr\u0131na ilmek ilmek etkiler b\u0131rakt\u0131. \u015eabbi’nin hayat\u0131nda umutsuzluk ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn hakimdi. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ya\u015fta kaybetti\u011fi sevgilisi ve babas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 h\u00fczne gark oldu. Sevgilisini kaybetti\u011finde kaleme ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘Ma’temu’l Hubb \/ A\u015fk Matemi’ ve ‘Cedvelu’l Hubb \/ A\u015fk Deresi’ \u015fiirlerine \u015fu m\u0131sralar ile ba\u015flar:<\/p>\n
‘Ah bilsem ke\u015fke<\/p>\n
Hangi ku\u015f<\/p>\n
Duyar h\u00fcz\u00fcnleri, kalplerin derinlerinde feryat eden<\/p>\n
Sonra fecirde k\u0131s\u0131k a\u011flama sesleriyle<\/p>\n
Hu\u015f\u00fb ve h\u00fcz\u00fcn i\u00e7inde?’<\/p>\n
Tunus’un milli mar\u015f\u0131 ‘Humatu’l-Hima’n\u0131n da \u015fairlerinden olan Ebu’l Kas\u0131m e\u015f-\u015eabbi, 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ‘\u0130radetu’l Hayat \/ Ya\u015fama \u0130radesi’ adl\u0131 uzun \u015fiiriyle Tunus ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesi veren Arap halklar\u0131na, ‘d\u00fc\u015fmana ba\u015f kald\u0131rmaya karar vermek yetmez, ya\u015faman\u0131n \u00f6nemini de kavramak gerekiyor’ diye seslendi. Arap d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda g\u0131pta edilen \u015fairler aras\u0131na giren gen\u00e7 \u015fair e\u015f-\u015eabbi, ‘\u0130radetu’l Hayat’ \u015fiirinde ya\u015famak i\u00e7in risk al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini \u015fu sat\u0131rlar ile ifade eder:<\/p>\n
‘\u00d6fkeyle g\u00fcrledi r\u00fczgar<\/p>\n
Uzak yollardan, da\u011flar\u0131n tepesinden, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n alt\u0131ndan:<\/p>\n
‘Bir gayeye g\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc diktim mi<\/p>\n
At\u0131l\u0131r\u0131m belalara, unuturum ihtiyat\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7ekinmem \u00fcrk\u00fct\u00fcc\u00fc yollardan,<\/p>\n
Alevli ate\u015ften \u00fczerime do\u011fru gelen.<\/p>\n
Da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 istemeyen,<\/p>\n
\u0130lelebed \u00e7ukurlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015far.’<\/p>\n
\u015eairler, edipler ve m\u00fctefekkirler \u00fclkesi olan Tunus, bat\u0131l\u0131 yazar ve sanat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n da en u\u011frak \u00fclkelerinden biri oldu. Muhte\u015fem manzaralar\u0131, mavi ve beyaz renkleri ile turistlerin ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline geldi. End\u00fcl\u00fcs’ten g\u00f6\u00e7 edenlerin iskan edildi\u011fi Sidi Bou Said beldesi, Akdeniz havas\u0131n\u0131 en iyi soluma imkan\u0131 sunan yerlerdendir. Beyaza boyanm\u0131\u015f evleri, evlere e\u015flik eden mavi pencereleri ve yine masmavi birbirinden g\u00fczel i\u015flemeli kap\u0131lar\u0131 ile sizleri kar\u015f\u0131lar…<\/p>\n
\u00dcnl\u00fc M\u00fcsl\u00fcman komutanlardan ve Eshab-\u0131 Kiram’dan say\u0131lan Ukbe bin Nafi taraf\u0131ndan in\u015fa edilen ve UNESCO taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fcnya miraslar\u0131 listesine al\u0131nan Kayrevan \u015fehri, suk\u00fcneti ve mimarisiyle sizleri cezbeder. Osmanl\u0131 eserlerini bol m\u00fc\u015fahede edebilece\u011finiz hamamlar\u0131 ile me\u015fhur Hamamat \u015fehri ise s\u0131rt\u0131n\u0131 dayad\u0131\u011f\u0131 da\u011flar ve \u00f6n\u00fcndeki Akdeniz’in engin sular\u0131 ile ba\u015fka bir ortama ta\u015f\u0131r sizi. Denizi, kumsal\u0131 ve g\u00fczel bal\u0131k lezzetiyle ile me\u015fhur Susa \u015fehri ise ba\u015fka bir \u00f6neme sahip…<\/p>\n
Tunus, antik \u015fehri Kartaca ile an\u0131l\u0131r. Askeri tarih\u00e7ilere g\u00f6re ‘stratejinin babas\u0131’ olarak an\u0131lan Hannibal, Kartaca’da do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Tunus’un \u00fcnl\u00fc komutan\u0131 Hannibal s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 Roma’ya bir d\u00f6nem kan kusturmu\u015ftur. Yine bir sava\u015fta yenildikten sonra M\u00d6 183 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul’un Gebze semtine gelir ve burada y\u00fcz\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bulundurdu\u011fu zehiri i\u00e7erek hayat\u0131na son verir.<\/p>\n
Tunus toplumunda kad\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir role sahiptir. Kayrevanl\u0131 Erva, Esma binti Esed, Hatice binti \u0130mam Sahnun, Azize Osman, Habibe el-Min\u015fari, Be\u015fire bin Murad ve daha niceleri… Bunlardan en \u00fcnl\u00fcleri ise antik Kartaca \u015fehrinin kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer alan krali\u00e7e Alissa. Fenikeli bir kral\u0131n k\u0131z\u0131 olarak Kartaca’ya gelin giden Alissa’n\u0131n hikayesi halen b\u00fct\u00fcn Tunus’ta dilden dile dola\u015f\u0131r. Tunus, Alissa’n\u0131n ser\u00fcvenleri ve ac\u0131kl\u0131 a\u015fk \u00f6yk\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn de diyard\u0131r…<\/p>\n
Be\u015fir bin Murad gibi Tunuslu bir\u00e7ok kad\u0131n, ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinde hep en \u00f6n saflarda olmu\u015ftur. Tunuslu kad\u0131nlar, toplumsal sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmede tarih boyunca her merhalede varl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hisettirmi\u015flerdir. En son Arap Bahar\u0131’nda da Tunuslu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n rol\u00fcne \u00e7ok bariz bir \u015fekilde tan\u0131kl\u0131k ettik. T\u00fcrkiyeli gen\u00e7 akademisyen ve yazarlardan Hande Ortay, Tunuslu kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Arap Bahar\u0131’ndaki rol\u00fcn\u00fc inceleyen tezini ‘Arap Bahar\u0131nda Tunuslu Kad\u0131nlar\u0131n Rollerinin ve Kazan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n incelenmesi’ ad\u0131yla Nobel Yay\u0131nlar\u0131ndan ne\u015fretti. Tunus’taki kad\u0131nlar\u0131n toplumsal hayattaki rollerini incelemek i\u00e7in okunas\u0131 kitaplardan…<\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0130bni Haldun, \u00fcnl\u00fc m\u00fcfessir Tahir bin A\u015fur ve Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n son sadrazamlar\u0131ndan Tunuslu Hayreddin Pa\u015fa gibi bir\u00e7ok ismi yeti\u015ftiren Tunus’un Zeytune \u00fcniversitesi halen nice genci yeti\u015ftirmeye devam ediyor. T\u00fcrk toplumunun Tunus ile ilgili unutmamas\u0131 gereken \u00f6nemli konulardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 \u015funlar: Tunus beyi Ahmed bey, Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n ekonomik olarak zor g\u00fcnler ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde hem halk\u0131ndan ve ailesinden toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 alt\u0131nlar\u0131 hem de Fransa’dan ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bor\u00e7 paray\u0131 Osmanl\u0131’ya vermi\u015ftir. Tunus’un daha sonra Frans\u0131zlar taraf\u0131ndan i\u015fgal edilmesinin sebebi olarak d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ekonomik kriz g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n
Tunus halk\u0131, Osmanl\u0131-Rus Harbi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’na da binlerce asker g\u00f6ndermi\u015ftir. Tunuslular, K\u0131r\u0131m muharebesinde y\u00fczlerce askerini kaybetmi\u015ftir. Bu sava\u015fta gazi olan Tunuslulardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 bir d\u00f6nemler Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli ilim havzalar\u0131ndan olan Kastamonu’ya yerle\u015fmi\u015f ve burada Tunuslular k\u00f6y\u00fcn\u00fc in\u015fa etmi\u015flerdir. Ve bug\u00fcn bu k\u00f6yde halen K\u0131r\u0131m Sava\u015f\u0131’nda gazi olan Tunuslular\u0131n torunlar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tunus anlat\u0131lmakla bitmez. Bug\u00fcn ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 siyasi kriz hepimizi \u00fczmeye devam ediyor. Haftaya Tunus’un son g\u00fcnlerde ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 anlatmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Siyasi bir ke\u015fmeke\u015f ile ad\u0131n\u0131 \u015fu g\u00fcnlerde medyada s\u0131k s\u0131k duydu\u011fumuz Tunus, Akdeniz’in g\u00fczel, sakin ve g\u00fcvenli \u00fclkelerinden biri. Tunus, […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":728,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[188,634,628,631,632,630,635,235,629,627,633],"class_list":["post-727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-seyahatname","tag-akdeniz","tag-bagimsizlik","tag-ebul-kasim-es-sabbi","tag-hannibal","tag-kadin-hareketi","tag-kartaca","tag-kayrevan","tag-osmanli-mirasi","tag-sidi-bou-said","tag-tunus","tag-turk-tunus-dostlugu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=727"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":729,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/727\/revisions\/729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/728"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}