Taliban’\u0131n yeniden iktidara geldi\u011fi Afganistan, tarih boyunca Orta Asya merkezli g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerinin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke. Kadim imparatorluklar gibi g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7leri de Afganistan’\u0131 i\u015fgal etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck seferler d\u00fczenlemi\u015flerdir bu topraklara. 19. y\u00fczy\u0131lda b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin Orta Asya ve Afganistan gibi stratejik b\u00f6lgeleri ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in verdikleri m\u00fccadele ‘B\u00fcy\u00fck Oyun’ olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 \u00f6zellikleri ile bilinen Afgan halk\u0131, kendi topraklar\u0131n\u0131 bir\u00e7ok imparatorlu\u011fa mezar k\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bundan dolay\u0131d\u0131r ki, Afganistan ‘imparatorluklar mezarl\u0131\u011f\u0131’ olarak da tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden, Afganistan’dan geri \u00e7ekilme sebeplerini zikrederken bu ifadeyi kulland\u0131 ve b\u00f6lgenin zorlu \u015fartlar\u0131na at\u0131fta bulundu. ABD eski Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump da, Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 y\u00f6nlerine de\u011finerek, bunu da en iyi Ruslar\u0131n bildi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
M.\u00d6 B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in ordular\u0131 ile gelip ileri gidemedi\u011fi yer Afganistan’d\u0131r. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender bug\u00fcn Afganistan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7inde kalan Baktriya’ya vard\u0131\u011f\u0131nda buradaki sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 halk\u0131n m\u00fccadelesi onun dikkatini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’in, annesi Krali\u00e7e Olimpia’ya yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir mektupta \u015f\u00f6yle dedi\u011fi rivayet edilir: ‘Anne h\u00fckmetti\u011fin \u00fclkenin aslan\u0131n\u0131 sen do\u011furdun ancak Baktriya’da b\u00fct\u00fcn kad\u0131nlar aslanlar do\u011furuyor.’ Bundand\u0131r ki B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender, Baktriya Satrab\u0131 ve kendisine kar\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck direni\u015f g\u00f6steren Oxsyartes’in k\u0131z\u0131 Roxana ile evlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130slam medeniyetinin \u00f6nemli havzalar\u0131ndan say\u0131lan eski Horasan topraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda da say\u0131lan Afganistan, ge\u00e7mi\u015fte felsefeden m\u00fczi\u011fe, \u0130slami ilimlerden fizik, kimya, t\u0131p ve co\u011frafya gibi bilimlerin her dal\u0131na kadar y\u00fczlerce d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Mevlana Celaleddin Rumi’den Fahrettin er-Razi’ye, Mukatil bin S\u00fcleyman’dan \u0130brahim b. Tehman el-Herevi’ye binlerce alim yeti\u015fmi\u015ftir bu diyarda. \u00dcnl\u00fc feylesof Eflatun’un da ilim okumak i\u00e7in Afganistan’a gitti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenir. B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender sonras\u0131 Greklerin Afganistan’\u0131n kuzeydo\u011fusunda yer alan ‘A Khanoum’ (Ay Han\u0131m) kentinde kurduklar\u0131 ilim merkezi, Asya’n\u0131n \u00f6nemli \u015fehirlerinden biri olmu\u015ftur bir d\u00f6nem. Afganistan’\u0131n Belh, Herat, Gazne, Mezar-\u0131 \u015eerif ve Kandehar \u015fehirleri de \u0130slam medeniyetinin \u00f6nemli merkezlerinden biri olarak tarihte yerini alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kandehar \u015fehrinin \u0130skenderun, \u0130skenderiye ve Alexandria gibi ismini B\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130skender’den ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilir. \u015eehrin as\u0131l ad\u0131, \u0130skendar’d\u0131r ama daha sonra ‘is’ kelimeleri d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcp ‘Kandehar’ olarak teleffuz edilmeye ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Tarih boyunca T\u00fcrkler de Afganistan’a b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Bug\u00fcn Anadolu’da kime sorsan\u0131z soylar\u0131n\u0131n kadim Horasan’a dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yler. Hala Afganistan’da ciddi bir T\u00fcrk n\u00fcfusu bulunmaktad\u0131r. Afganistan’\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funu olu\u015fturan Pe\u015ftun halk\u0131 da tarih boyunca T\u00fcrkleri hep kendilerinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bir T\u00fcrk olan Mahmud Gaznevi’nin kurdu\u011fu ‘Gazneliler Devleti’ Afganistan’da kurulmu\u015ftur. Bab\u00fcr \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu da Afganistan’da kurulmu\u015ftur. Bab\u00fcr \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun kurucusu Bab\u00fcr taraf\u0131ndan ele al\u0131nan hat\u0131rat\u0131 ‘Bab\u00fcrname’ Afganistan hakk\u0131nda geni\u015f bilgiler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n ilk matbaac\u0131lar\u0131ndan \u0130brahim M\u00fcteferrika’n\u0131n bast\u0131\u011f\u0131 kitaplardan biri ‘Afganistan Tarihi’dir. Osmanl\u0131 Sultanlar\u0131 \u0130ngilizlere kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelede Afganistan’a \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem vermi\u015ftir. Osmanl\u0131 Afganistan’a bir\u00e7ok \u015fehbender yani konsolos atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan biri Sultan II. Abd\u00fclhamid taraf\u0131ndan Afganistan’a atanan \u015fehbender \u015eirvanl\u0131 Ahmed Hamdi Efendi’dir. \u0130ttihat Terakki h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de Afganistan’a \u00f6nem vermi\u015f ve Afgan halk\u0131n\u0131n askeri e\u011fitimi i\u00e7in her deste\u011fi vermi\u015ftir. Rauf Orbay ve Cemal Pa\u015fa Afganl\u0131lar\u0131n e\u011fitilmesin de \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Afganistan, T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’ni tan\u0131yan ilk \u00fclke olmu\u015ftur. Mustafa Kemal Atat\u00fcrk de T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7isi’ni Afganistan’a atam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Afganistan’a atanan ilk b\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7imiz Medine M\u00fcdafii Fahreddin Pa\u015fa’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Afgan halk\u0131, Balkan Muharebeleri ve Birinci Cihan Harbi’nde de Osmanl\u0131’ya destek olmu\u015ftur. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n son d\u00f6nemlerinde Veziristan’daki Afgan halk\u0131na askeri e\u011fitim vermek i\u00e7in giden Rauf Orbay, kendisine \u00e7ok benzedi\u011fi i\u00e7in Afganl\u0131 bir gen\u00e7 olan Abdurrahman Pe\u015faveri’yi T\u00fcrkiye’ye getirmi\u015ftir. Pe\u015faveri, T\u00fcrkiye’nin resmi ajans\u0131 Anadolu Ajans\u0131’n\u0131n kurucular\u0131 aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131r. Afganistanl\u0131 iki yazar Cemaleddin Afgani ve Mahmud Tarzi’nin T\u00fcrk toplumu \u00fczerinde etkisi b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u0130stanbul’da \u00fcniversite okuyan Mahmud Tarzi Afganistan’\u0131n ilk gazetecilerinden biridir. Bir\u00e7ok Osmanl\u0131 ayd\u0131n\u0131n kitaplar\u0131n\u0131 Afgan diline terc\u00fcme etmi\u015ftir. Mahmud Tarzi’nin torunlar\u0131 bug\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye’de ya\u015famaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Has\u0131l\u0131 kelam, 150 y\u0131ld\u0131r \u0130ngiliz, Rus ve Amerika ile sava\u015f halinde olan Afganistan bu hale nas\u0131l geldi? Neden hep b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7lerin i\u015fgaline u\u011fruyor? Taliban kimdir ve Afganistan’da nas\u0131l b\u00f6yle h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdi? Bu sorular\u0131n cevab\u0131n\u0131 haftaya k\u00f6\u015femizde irdelemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> \u0130stiklal Gazetesi, ilk yay\u0131mlanma tarihi: 17 A\u011fustos 2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Taliban’\u0131n yeniden iktidara geldi\u011fi Afganistan, tarih boyunca Orta Asya merkezli g\u00fc\u00e7 m\u00fccadelelerinin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer alm\u0131\u015f bir \u00fclke. Kadim imparatorluklar gibi […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":721,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[609,619,620,618,231,183,199,610,566,617],"class_list":["post-720","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-hariciyye","tag-afganistan","tag-buyuk-oyun","tag-diplomatik-iliskiler","tag-imparatorluklar-mezarligi","tag-islam-medeniyeti","tag-jeopolitik","tag-osmanli","tag-taliban","tag-tarihi-baglar","tag-turk-afgan-dostlugu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=720"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":723,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/720\/revisions\/723"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/721"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=720"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=720"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=720"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}