\u0130slam tarihinin en \u00f6nemli muharabelerinden olan Malazgirt Zaferi’nin 949. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc 26 A\u011fustos’da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kutland\u0131. Bizler de Ok\u00e7ular Vakf\u0131 ve Beyo\u011flu Belediyesi’nin davetlisi olarak, tarihimizin \u00f6nemli bir d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan Malazgirt Zaferi kutlamalar\u0131na i\u015ftirak ettik. Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131n sultanlar\u0131ndan Muhammed Alp Arslan ve o\u011flu Melik \u015eah M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar taraf\u0131ndan EsSultan el-Adil, Emir\u00fc’l M\u00fc’minin, Muiz ed-Din, Ebu \u015euca’a ve Eba el-Feth olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Sel\u00e7uklular, \u00e7\u00f6ken Abbasi iktidar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fc uzatt\u0131, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fini sa\u011flad\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck Bizans Ordusunu ma\u011flup etti ve Anadolu’nun kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlara a\u00e7t\u0131. Halid bin Velid’den sonra en \u00f6nemli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman komutanlardan say\u0131lan Alp Arslan, 1071’de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklara s\u0131k s\u0131k sald\u0131ran Bizans ordusuna b\u00fcy\u00fck ma\u011flubiyet ya\u015fatm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu sava\u015fta Bizans imparatoru Romain Diogene de esir al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bir Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flayan Malazgirt muharabesine b\u00fcy\u00fck \u0130slam alimi \u0130mam C\u00fcveyni’nin fetvas\u0131 \u00fczerine b\u00fct\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklarda cuma hutbesinde Alp Arslan ve ordusu i\u00e7in dualar edilmi\u015fti. Alp Arslan’\u0131n ordusu i\u00e7inde ciddi oranda K\u00fcrt ve Arap sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131lar da vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k \u0130slam alemini siyasi olarak toparlad\u0131klar\u0131 gibi ilmi anlamda da M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar\u0131 bir ilim oca\u011f\u0131 haline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrd\u00fcler. Her alanda bir\u00e7ok ilim adam\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Alpaslan’la Melik\u015fah’\u0131n pek me\u015fhur vezirleri Nizam\u00fc’l M\u00fclk’\u00fcn Ba\u011fdat’ta kurdu\u011fu Nizamiyye medreselerinde yeti\u015fen ilim adamlar\u0131 \u0130slam co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131n her yerini etkilemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bug\u00fcn bile halen \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131ndaki b\u00fct\u00fcn medreselerin \u00fczerinde Nizamiyye medreselerinin etkisini g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Bu medreselerde \u0130mam C\u00fcveyni, \u0130mam Gazali, \u0130bn-i Cevzi, Zemah\u015feri, Abd\u00fclkadir C\u00fcrcani, Rag\u0131p \u0130sfahani, \u015eehristani, Seyfeddin Amidi, \u0130mam Sehavi, \u00d6mer Hayyam, Hariri ve Ebubekir \u015ea\u015fi gibi ilim adamlar\u0131 yeti\u015fti. Tasavvuf alan\u0131nda da \u015eeyh Abd\u00fclkadir Geylani, Hoca Kutbeddin Mevdud \u00c7i\u015fti, Ebu’l Kas\u0131m Ku\u015feyri, \u015eeyh \u015eehabeddin S\u00fchreverdi ve \u015eeyh Feriduddin Attar’lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Sel\u00e7uklular d\u00f6neminde \u0130slam \u00fclkeleri bilginler merkezi haline geldi. Siyaset, din, askerlik, ilim, mimari ve sanat dallar\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck simalar yeti\u015fti. Ayr\u0131ca Sel\u00e7uklular devrinde \u0130slam aleminin her taraf\u0131 nice nice imar i\u015fleriyle donat\u0131ld\u0131. Mektepler, medreseler, k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler, hanlar ve kervansaraylar in\u015fa edildi.<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular Anadolu topraklar\u0131na girdiklerinde Abbasi iktidar\u0131 zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f, M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar b\u00f6l\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f, Tahiriler, Tolun O\u011fullar\u0131, Saffariler, Aleviler, Samano\u011fullar\u0131, Saciler, Zeyyariler, Ah\u015fit O\u011fullar\u0131, Buveyhiler, Mervaniler ve Fat\u0131miler \u0130slam topraklar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netiyordu. T\u00fcrklerin O\u011fuz boyundan olan Sel\u00e7uk o\u011fullar\u0131, \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sa\u011flad\u0131klar\u0131 birlikten dolay\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n g\u00f6n\u00fcllerinde taht kurmu\u015flard\u0131. \u00dcnl\u00fc \u0130slam tarih\u00e7isi Hamdullah Mustevfi Kazvini, Sel\u00e7uklular hakk\u0131nda \u015f\u00f6yle yazar: ‘\u0130slam devirlerinde bulunan h\u00fck\u00fcmdar s\u00fclaleri mensuplar\u0131n\u0131n her biri bir ay\u0131p ve noksanl\u0131\u011fa bula\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. Fakat Sel\u00e7uklu \u015fahlar\u0131nda bu gibi ay\u0131plar ve noksanl\u0131klar yoktu. Onlar b\u00f6yle \u015feylerden temiz kimseler idi. Kendileri, temiz akideli, pak, dindar, s\u00fcnni, hay\u0131r sahipleri ve halka kar\u015f\u0131 da \u015fefkat g\u00f6steren kimseler idi.’<\/p>\n
‘Sel\u00e7uklular Tarihi’ adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda 20. Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n \u00f6nemli M\u00fcsl\u00fcman d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrlerinden Ebu’l Ala Mevdudi, ‘Sel\u00e7uklular, olgun, inan\u00e7l\u0131 ve saffetli bir imana sahip bulunuyorlard\u0131. Ehl-i S\u00fcnnet Mezheplerine ba\u011fl\u0131 idiler. F\u0131khi ve medeni hususlarda b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n, r\u0131zalar\u0131na ve \u0130slam f\u0131kh\u0131na g\u00f6re hareket ediyorlard\u0131. Halk da bu inan\u0131\u015fta oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, takip ettikleri bu siyaset sebebiyle herkes taraf\u0131ndan seviliyorlard\u0131’ diyordu. \u00dcstad Mevdudi, Sel\u00e7uklular\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman halklara sevdiren \u00f6zellikleri \u015f\u00f6yle s\u0131ral\u0131yor:<\/p>\n
‘1-\u015eehir hayat\u0131na ge\u00e7melerine ra\u011fmen sade bir hayat\u0131 b\u0131rakmamalar\u0131.<\/p>\n
2-Memleketin idaresi ve emniyetinde liyakat ve ehliyete \u00f6nem vermeleri.<\/p>\n
3-Vezirler ve dan\u0131\u015fmanlara alanlar\u0131nda serbestlikle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131. 4-Memleket y\u00f6neticileri aras\u0131nda entrikalar d\u00f6nmesine meydan vermemeleri. 5-\u0130lim ve sanat adamlar\u0131n\u0131n kadr\u00fc k\u0131ymetini bilmeleri. Onlara \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma imkan\u0131 sa\u011flamalar\u0131. Onlar\u0131n fikirlerine ve \u00fcretimlerine siyasi m\u00fcdahalede bulunmamalar\u0131.’<\/p>\n
Sel\u00e7uklular, Abbasi Halifeleri ile akrabal\u0131k ba\u011flar\u0131 kurmu\u015flard\u0131. Nitekim Tu\u011frul bey, Alp Arslan’\u0131n k\u0131z karde\u015fi Arslan Hatunu Halife El Kaim Billah ile evlendirdi. Kendisi de halifenin a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 \u0131srar\u0131 \u00fczerine halifenin k\u0131z\u0131 ile evlendi. Daha sonra Alp Arslan da kendi k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 Halife El-Mukteda’ya verdi. Yine Melik \u015eah da kendi k\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 halife ile evlendirdi. Melik \u015eah’\u0131n di\u011fer k\u0131z\u0131 da Sultan Mahmud devrinde Halife Mustazhir Billah’a verildi. Bu ili\u015fkiler Abbasilerle, saltanat makam\u0131n\u0131 elinde tutan sel\u00e7uklular aras\u0131ndaki siyasi ba\u011flar\u0131 da kuvvetlendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Sultan Melik \u015eah’\u0131n 1092’de vefat\u0131ndan sonra o\u011fullar\u0131 Mahmud, Berkyaruk, Muhammed ve Ahmed Sencer aras\u0131nda iktidar kavgalar\u0131 ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu da beraberinde Sul\u00e7uklular\u0131n ad\u0131m ad\u0131m gerileyi\u015fini getirdi. \u0130\u00e7 siyasi kavgalar, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131 birbirine d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bir\u00e7ok yerde Bat\u0131ni hareketler t\u00fcredi. Bundan cesaret alan Frenkler, b\u00fcy\u00fck ordular toplayarak \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131na ilk ha\u00e7l\u0131 seferlerini ba\u015flatt\u0131. Ha\u00e7l\u0131 sava\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131 Melik \u015eah’\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn be\u015finci senesinde vuku buldu. Karde\u015flerin kendi aralar\u0131ndaki kavgadan dolay\u0131 Hicri 492 (Miladi 1099)’de Kud\u00fcs \u015fehri M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n elinden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. \u0130lk defa M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar, Hristiyanlara kar\u015f\u0131 ma\u011flup oldu. Halid bin Velid ve Alp Arslan gibi \u0130slam m\u00fccahitlerinin b\u00fct\u00fcn fedakarl\u0131klar\u0131 ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n neticeleri, bir g\u00fcnde heba olup gitti. Melik \u015eah d\u00f6neminde, \u0130slam topraklar\u0131na girmeye korkan Frenkler, karde\u015f kavgalar\u0131 sonras\u0131 k\u0131sa d\u00f6nemde \u0130slam’\u0131n haremine kadar girmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n
Karde\u015flerin siyasi kavgalar\u0131, Bat\u0131ni hareketleri ortaya \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131 ve Frenkleri cesaretlendirip bu co\u011frafyaya y\u00f6nelmelerini sa\u011flad\u0131. B\u00f6ylece \u0130slam alemi da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131, par\u00e7aland\u0131, b\u00fct\u00fcn geli\u015fmeler durdu. Toplumsal hayat ve medeni kalk\u0131nma hayli zarar g\u00f6rd\u00fc. Topraklar b\u00f6l\u00fcnd\u00fc, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler ve devletler kuruldu. Her yerde beylikler ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. O b\u00fcy\u00fck memleket par\u00e7a par\u00e7a oldu gitti. 960 y\u0131l\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Sel\u00e7uklu devleti 1194’te tamamen yok oldu. Sel\u00e7uklulardan sonra Ha\u00e7l\u0131larla m\u00fccadele eden Nureddin Zengi, Selahaddin Eyyubi ve Turan \u015eah gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck komutanlar da ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Meml\u00fckl\u00fcler ve Eyyubiler bir\u00e7ok beyli\u011fi pe\u015finde s\u00fcr\u00fckleyip Bat\u0131nilere ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele etti. 1299’da Osmanl\u0131 devleti ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131ktan sonra \u0130slam d\u00fcnyas\u0131 yine birli\u011fi yakalam\u0131\u015f ve ard\u0131ndan Bat\u0131ni hareketler zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve Ha\u00e7l\u0131lar da bu topraklar\u0131 terk etmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 devleti, 600 y\u00fczy\u0131l hem karada hem de denizde Ha\u00e7l\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topraklar\u0131 ve haremini koruyan bir set oldu.<\/p>\n
Hz. Peygamber (sav) hakk\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli kasidelerden olan ‘Kaside-i B\u00fcrde’nin yazar\u0131 Fasl\u0131 \u0130mam Buseyri (1213-1294), T\u00fcrklerin 1291’de Akka \u015fehrini Ha\u00e7l\u0131lardan (Frenklerden) almas\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 onlar\u0131 metheden \u015fu \u015fiiri kaleme alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
‘Kad ahaz el-Muslimune Akka<\/p>\n
Ve e\u015fbau el-Kafirine Sakka<\/p>\n
Ve saaka Sultanena ileyhim<\/p>\n
Hayla tedukku el-Cibalu dekka<\/p>\n
Ve aksame et-Turku munze saaret<\/p>\n
La tereku l’il-Firenci Melka.’<\/p>\n
‘M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar Akka’y\u0131 ald\u0131<\/p>\n
Kafirleri iyice daya\u011fa bo\u011fdu<\/p>\n
Ve bizim Sultan\u0131m\u0131z onlara<\/p>\n
Da\u011flar\u0131 y\u0131kacak atl\u0131lar g\u00f6nderdi<\/p>\n
T\u00fcrkler yola koyulurken and i\u00e7ti<\/p>\n
Frenklerin elinde bir yer b\u0131rakmama\u011fa.’<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Kaynak:<\/strong> \u0130stiklal Gazetesi, ilk yay\u0131mlanma tarihi: 01 Eyl\u00fcl 2020<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0130slam tarihinin en \u00f6nemli muharabelerinden olan Malazgirt Zaferi’nin 949. Y\u0131ld\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc 26 A\u011fustos’da T\u00fcrkiye Cumhurba\u015fkan\u0131 Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan’\u0131n \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde kutland\u0131. Bizler […]","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[419,414,423,417,380,420,231,418,413,415,421,416,353,422],"class_list":["post-628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-siyasetname","tag-abbasi-hilafeti","tag-alp-arslan","tag-anadolu","tag-anadolunun-fethi","tag-bizans","tag-hacli-seferleri","tag-islam-medeniyeti","tag-islam-tarihi","tag-malazgirt-zaferi","tag-melik-sah","tag-nizamiyye-medreseleri","tag-nizamulmulk","tag-selcuklular","tag-turk-islam-tarihi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":630,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628\/revisions\/630"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/629"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turankislakci.com\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}